Activated B cells participate in either extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) responses.
Canonical responses are composed of a short wave of plasmablasts (PBs) arising from EF …

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamilies (TNFSF/TNFRSF)
include 19 ligands and 29 receptors that play important roles in the modulation of cellular …

The International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology initiated an international
coalition among the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology; the European …

The abundance of innate and adaptive immune cells that reside together with trillions of
beneficial commensal microorganisms in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract requires …

The BAFF-receptor (BAFFR) is encoded by the TNFRSF13C gene and is one of the main pro-
survival receptors in B cells. Its function is impressively documented in humans by a …

B cells develop from hematopoietic precursor cells in an ordered maturation and selection
process. Extensive studies with many different mouse mutants provided fundamental …

Although activity that induced tumor regression was observed and termed tumor necrosis
factor (TNF) as early as the 1960s, the true identity of TNF was not clear until 1984, when …

The demographics, immunologic parameters, medical complications, and mortality statistics
from 473 subjects with common variable immune deficiency followed over 4 decades in New …

Non-infectious complications in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have emerged
as a major clinical challenge. Detailed clinical spectrum, organ-specific pathologies and …

Most autosomal genetic causes of childhood-onset hypogammaglobulinemia are currently
not well understood. Most affected individuals are simplex cases, but both autosomal …