Recently, electrical stimulation as a physical stimulus draws lots of attention. It shows great
potential in disease treatment, wound healing, and mechanism study because of significant …

Bioelectronics have made strides in improving clinical diagnostics and precision medicine.
The potential of bioelectronics for bidirectional interfacing with biology through continuous …

Hydrogels prepared from natural polymers have received immense considerations over the
past decade due to their safe nature, biocompatibility, hydrophilic properties, and …

Human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a promising in vitro model system for
studying the brain. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture paradigms have …

Tissue engineering endeavors to regenerate tissues and organs through appropriate
cellular and molecular interactions at biological interfaces. To this aim, bio-mimicking …

Stem cell fate is closely intertwined with microenvironmental and endogenous cues within
the body. Recapitulating this dynamic environment ex vivo can be achieved through …

Background The use of conjugated polymers allows versatile interactions between cells and
flexible processable materials, while providing a platform for electrical stimulation, which is …

Electrical stimulation (ES) has been applied in cell culture system to enhance neural stem
cell (NSC) proliferation, neuronal differentiation, migration, and integration. According to the …

Electrical stimulation (ES) is predominantly used as a physical therapy modality to promote
tissue healing and functional recovery. Research efforts in both laboratory and clinical …

Polypyrrole (PPy) is one of the most studied conductive polymers due to its electrical
conductivity and biological properties, which drive the possibility of numerous applications in …