Compared to the previous decades, presently the generation of household and industrial
waste has increased too many folds. The resulting waste has posed a serious management …

As an effort to tackle some of the most pressing ecological issues we are currently
experiencing, there has been an increasing interest in employing biomass-derived char …

The chapter explores the diverse applications of biochar in energy storage systems,
addressing the growing need for efficient and sustainable energy solutions. Biochar, derived …

Most research on immobilized microorganisms employs biomass charcoal as a carrier, but
limited studies explore coal-based resources for microbial immobilization. Herein, lead …

With the increased activity from humans in agriculture and industry, a growing amount of
waste containing heavy metals is discharged into the environment, which brings great risk to …

1. Background The fourth industrial revolution of the water sector complies with the
objectives of Water 4.0 by employing digital technology for flexible, reliable, and competitive …