Many functions have been postulated for the aerodynamic role of the avian tail during steady-
state flight. By analogy with conventional aircraft, the tail might provide passive pitch stability …

Musculoskeletal systems cope with many environmental perturbations without neurological
control. These passive preflex responses aid animals to move swiftly through complex …

Avian flap** strategies have the potential to revolutionize future drones as they may
considerably improve agility, increase slow speed flight capability, and extend the …

Animal movement represents an interdisciplinary research field involving ecology and
physics. Animal locomotion is composed of three interrelated hierarchies: micro-scale …

Highlights•Moving groups must reach speed consensus to retain cohesion and grou**
benefits.•We investigated speed in solo and group flights of homing pigeons using …

A faster cruising speed increases drag and thereby the thrust (T) needed to fly, while weight
and lift (L) requirement remains constant. Birds can adjust their wingbeat in multiple ways to …

Flight behaviours of birds have been extensively studied from different angles such as their
kinematics, aerodynamics and, more generally, their migration patterns. Nevertheless, much …

Most flying animals, from insects to seabirds [1], perform flights close to ground or water
when taking off or landing [2], drinking, and feeding [3–5] or when traveling near water …

Cost of flight at various speeds is a crucial determinant of flight behaviour in birds.
Aerodynamic models, predicting that mechanical power (P mech) varies with flight speed in …

In this study, we explicitly examine the aerodynamics of manoeuvring flight in animals. We
studied brown long-eared bats flying in a wind tunnel while performing basic sideways …