A large scholarship currently holds that before the onset of anthropogenic global warming,
natural climatic changes long provoked subsistence crises and, occasionally, civilizational …

Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Caption: Table A. 11. 2. Synthesis table summarising assessments presented in Tables 11.4-
11.21 for hot extremes (HOT EXT.), heavy precipitation (HEAVY PRECIP.), agriculture and …

The growth of past, present, and future forests was, is and will be affected by climate
variability. This multifaceted relationship has been assessed in several regional studies, but …

Europe's recent summer droughts have had devastating ecological and economic
consequences, but the severity and cause of these extremes remain unclear. Here we …

Deoxygenation is commonly observed in oceans and lakes but less expected in shallower,
flowing rivers. Here we reconstructed daily water temperature and dissolved oxygen in 580 …

The IPCC AR6 assessment of the impacts and risks associated with projected climate
changes for the 21st century is both alarming and ambiguous. According to computer …

Abstract The Little Ice Age (LIA), which lasted from about 1250 to 1860 AD, was likely the
coldest period of the last 8000 years. Using new documentary data and analyses of alpine …

Tree-ring chronologies underpin the majority of annually-resolved reconstructions of
Common Era climate. However, they are derived using different datasets and techniques …

Contemporary climate warming is a key problem faced not only by scientists, but also all by
humanity because, as is shown by the experience of recent years, it has multiple …