Running movements are parametrised using a wide variety of devices. Misleading
interpretations can be avoided if the interdependencies and redundancies between …

Stiffness, the resistance to deformation due to force, has been used to model the way in
which the lower body responds to landing during cyclic motions such as running and …

Leg properties have been involved in the broad study of human walking from mechanical
energy to motion prediction of robotics. However, the variable leg elasticities and their …

The relationship between gait mechanics and running ground reaction forces is widely
regarded as complex. This viewpoint has evolved primarily via efforts to explain the rising …

The 'stiffness' concept originates from Hooke's law which states that the force required to
deform an object is related to a spring constant and the distance that object is deformed …

This work presents an electrophysiologically and dynamically consistent musculoskeletal
model to predict stiffness in the human ankle and knee joints as derived from the joints …

Balance is an essential capability to ensure upright standing and locomotion. Various
external perturbations challenge our balance in daily life and increase the risk for falling and …

Several mass–spring–damper models have been developed to study the response of the
human body to the collision with the ground during hop**, trotting, or running. The mass …

It is not presently clear whether mathematical models used to estimate leg stiffness during
human running are valid. Therefore, leg stiffness during the braking phase of ground contact …

Spring-mass models have been used to characterize running mechanics and leg stiffness in
a variety of conditions, yet it remains unknown how running while carrying a load affects …