Semi-quantum communication, a model introduced by Boyer et al.(Phys Rev Lett 99:
140501, 2007), involves the use of fully quantum users and semi-quantum, or “classical” …

We report an experimental implementation of free-space quantum secure direct
communication based on single photons. The quantum communication scheme uses phase …

A novel measurement-free mediated semi-quantum key distribution (MSQKD) protocol is
proposed based on single-particle states. It enables two classical users to establish a secret …

This paper proposes a new semi‐quantum key distribution protocol, allowing two “classical”
participants without sophisticated quantum capability to establish a shared secret key under …

A systematic analysis of the advantages and challenges associated with the satellite‐based
implementation of the high dimensional extended B92 (HD‐Ext‐B92) and high‐dimensional …

Quantum key distribution is one of the most fundamental cryptographic protocols. Quantum
walks are important primitives for computing. In this paper, we take advantage of the …

Semi-quantum key distribution protocols are allowed to set up a secure secret key between
two users. Compared with their full quantum counterparts, one of the two users is restricted …

Mediated semi-quantum key distribution (M-SQKD) allows two “semi-quantum” or “classical”
users to establish a secret key with the help of a third party (TP), in which TP has full …

This article provides the unconditional security of a semi quantum key distribution (SQKD)
protocol based on 3-dimensional quantum states. By deriving a lower bound for the key rate …

A semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol allows two users, one of whom is restricted
in their quantum capabilities to being nearly classical, to establish a shared secret key …