The immune system enables organisms to combat infections and to eliminate endogenous
challenges. Immune responses can be evoked through diverse inducible pathways …

Protection against microbial infection in eukaryotes is provided by diverse cellular and
molecular mechanisms. Here, we present a comparative view of the antiviral activity of virus …

Since the discovery of antimicrobial peptide responses 40 years ago, the fruit fly Drosophila
melanogaster has proven to be a powerful model for the study of innate immunity. Early work …

Immune systems are of pivotal importance to any living organism on Earth, as they protect
the organism against deleterious effects of viral infections. Though the current knowledge …

The emerging arthropod-borne flavivirus Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with neurological
complications. Innate immunity is essential for the control of virus infection, but the innate …

To combat infection, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster relies on multiple innate defense
reactions, many of which are shared with higher organisms. These reactions include the use …

In eukaryotic RNA-based antiviral immunity, viral double-stranded RNA is recognized as a
pathogen-associated molecular pattern and processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) …

In the metazoan germline, piwi proteins and associated piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs)
provide a defense system against the expression of transposable elements. In the …

Wolbachia are vertically transmitted, obligatory intracellular bacteria that infect a great
number of species of arthropods and nematodes. In insects, they are mainly known for …

Plants and invertebrates can protect themselves from viral infection through RNA silencing.
This antiviral immunity involves production of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (viRNAs) …