We present a novel perspective on life‐history evolution that combines recent theoretical
advances in fluctuating density‐dependent selection with the notion of pace‐of‐life …

Within populations, individuals often show repeatable variation in behaviour, called 'animal
personality'. In the last few decades, numerous empirical studies have attempted to …

Heritable personality variation is subject to fluctuating selection in many animal taxa; a major
unresolved question is why this is the case. A parsimonious explanation must involve a …

Highlights•Empiricists have reported individual differences in many behavioral
plasticities.•Recent studies have focused on the long-term temporal consistency of …

Adaptive integration of life history and behaviour is expected to result in variation in the pace‐
of‐life. Previous work focused on whether 'risky'phenotypes live fast but die young, but …

Animals breeding at northern latitudes experience drastic changes in daily light conditions
during the breeding season with decreasing periods of darkness, whereas those living at …

Heterogeneous selection is often proposed as a key mechanism maintaining repeatable
behavioral variation (“animal personality”) in wild populations. Previous studies largely …

A major question in behavioural ecology is why behaviour, physiology and morphology are
often integrated into syndromes. In great tits, Parus major, for example, explorative males …

Predators can affect prey both directly (consumptive effects) and indirectly (nonconsumptive
effects), with a growing body of literature showing the latter may have pronounced effects …

Highlights•Animal personality and co** style both describe consistency in behaviour.•We
assay behaviour of red junglefowl in personality and co** style tests.•We observe both …