Non‐consumptive predator effects (NCEs) are now widely recognised for their capacity to
shape ecosystem structure and function. Yet, forecasting the propagation of these predator …

We review the concepts and research associated with measuring fear and its consequences
for foraging. When foraging, animals should and do demand hazardous duty pay. They …

Why do species live where they live? What determines the abundance and diversity of
species in a given area? What role do species play in the functioning of entire ecosystems …

Trophic cascades are textbook examples of predator indirect effects on ecological systems.
Yet there is considerable debate about their nature, strength and overall importance. This …

Ambiguous empirical support for 'landscapes of fear'in natural systems may stem from failure
to consider dynamic temporal changes in predation risk. The lunar cycle dramatically alters …

Every studied animal engages in sleep, and many animals spend much of their lives in this
vulnerable behavioural state. We believe that an explicit description of this vulnerability will …

Landscapes of Fear (LOF), the spatially explicit distribution of perceived predation risk as
seen by a population, is increasingly cited in ecological literature and has become a …

Identifying factors that may be responsible for regulating the size of animal populations is a
cornerstone in understanding population ecology. The main factors that are thought to …

The activity patterns exhibited by animals are shaped by evolution, but additionally fine‐
tuned by flexible responses to the environment. Predation risk and resource availability are …

Foraging animals have several tools for managing the risk of predation, and the foraging
games between them and their predators. Among these, time allocation is foremost, followed …