Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) slag, a product of hot metal element (eg, Si, Mn, Fe, P)
oxidation and flux (eg lime, dolomite) dissolution, plays a critical role in the production of …

The im**ing of multiple jets onto the molten bath in the BOF steelmaking process plays a
crucial role in reactor performance but is not clearly understood. This paper presents a …

Energy consumption and Carbon emission in iron and steel industry are enormous and
need to meet an optimal strategy. Many researches have focused on iron and steel making …

The control of slag foam that is produced during the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) process
has been the subject of significant research. The behaviour of slag foams is complex …

The cavity shape formed by the im**ing of the supersonic oxygen jet on liquid metal
surface is of importance to the converter steelmaking process. This work adopts the volume …

Bottom blowing agitation plays a crucial role in improving the reaction kinetics condition of
molten bath during the steelmaking process. Herein, the influence of bottom blowing mode …

A multi-zone kinetic model coupled with a dynamic slag generation model was developed
for the simulation of hot metal and slag composition during the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) …

To describe the characteristics of multiphase flow and post-combustion in the converter, two
separate 3D models are established in present work. The first model, known as the jet-cavity …

The amount of oxygen blown into the converter is one of the key parameters for the control of
the converter blowing process, which directly affects the tap-to-tap time of converter. In this …

Basic oxygen furnaces (BOFs) are widely used to produce steel from hot metal. The process
typically has limited automation which leads to sub-optimal operation. Economically optimal …