The efficiency of a transport system depends on several elements, such as available
technology, governmental policies, the planning process, and control strategies. Indeed, the …

Public transport provision requires substantial organisational efforts, careful planning,
financial contributions from the public, and coordination between millions of passengers and …

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the definitions, classifications, objectives,
constraints, network topology decision variables, and solution methods of the Urban …

E-scooter sharing provides a last-mile solution to complement transit services, but less was
known about its effectiveness in serving short-distance transit trips. We investigate the …

This book examines the main components affecting the viability of a public-transport service
from both the passenger and agency perspectives, and offers solutions to well-known …

When a bus is late and behind schedule, the stop-skip** scheme allows the bus vehicle to
skip one or more stops to reduce its travel time. The deadheading problem is a special case …

This paper proposes a bi-level transit network design problem where the transit routes and
frequency settings are determined simultaneously. The upper-level problem is formulated as …

The multi-objective transit network design and frequency setting problem (TNDFSP) involves
finding a set of routes and their associated frequencies to operate in an urban area public …

The problem of defining suitable lines in a public transportation system (bus, railway, tram,
or underground) is an important real-world problem that has also been well researched in …

This paper critically reviews applications of metaheuristics for solving the Transit Route
Network Design Problem (TRNDP). A structured review is offered and prominent …