BACKGROUND Ever since Edward Tolman's proposal that comprehensive cognitive maps
underlie spatial navigation and, more generally, psychological functions, the question of …

Cognitive maps are encoded in the hippocampal formation and related regions and range
from the spatial to the purely conceptual. Neural mechanisms that encode information into …

INTRODUCTION The hippocampus plays an important role in memory and spatial
navigation. When rodents navigate a spatial maze, hippocampal neurons called place cells …

This paper introduces an active inference formulation of planning and navigation. It
illustrates how the exploitation–exploration dilemma is dissolved by acting to minimise …

Memory function involves both the ability to remember details of individual experiences and
the ability to link information across events to create new knowledge. Prior research has …

Efficient navigation from one place to another is facilitated by the ability to use spatial
boundaries to segment routes into their component parts. Similarly, memory for individual …

Experience-related brain activity patterns reactivate during sleep, wakeful rest, and brief
pauses from active behavior. In parallel, machine learning research has found that …

Food uncertainty has the effect of invigorating food-related responses. Psychologists have
noted that mammals and birds respond more to a conditioned stimulus that unreliably …

Retrieval of everyday experiences is fundamental for informing our future decisions. The fine-
grained neurophysiological mechanisms that support such memory retrieval are largely …

How valuable a choice option is often changes over time, making the prediction of value
changes an important challenge for decision making. Prior studies identified a cognitive map …