Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs)-regions that do not fold into a fixed three-
dimensional structure but instead exist in a heterogeneous ensemble of conformations-have …

Adaptable hydrogels have recently emerged as a promising platform for three‐dimensional
(3D) cell encapsulation and culture. In conventional, covalently crosslinked hydrogels …

Smad transcription factors are central to the signal transduction pathway that mediates the
numerous effects of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines in …

Enveloped viruses escape infected cells by budding through limiting membranes. In the
decade since the discovery that HIV recruits cellular ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes …

Nature is enriched with a wide variety of complex, synergistic, and highly functional protein-
based multicomponent assemblies. As such, nature has served as a source of inspiration for …

Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum
of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic …

The poly-l-proline type II (PPII) helix in recent years has emerged clearly as a structural class
not only of fibrillar proteins (in collagen, PPII is a dominant conformation) but also of the …

A typical casein micelle contains thousands of casein molecules, most of which form
thermodynamically stable complexes with nanoclusters of amorphous calcium phosphate …

Coordination between cell proliferation and cell death is essential to maintain homeostasis
in multicellular organisms. In Drosophila, these two processes are regulated by a pathway …

The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is composed of three homologous subunits and
allows the flow of Na+ ions across high resistance epithelia, maintaining body salt and water …