Negative air ions (NAIs) have been discovered for more than 100 years and are widely used
for air cleaning. Here, we have carried out a comprehensive reviewing on the effects of NAIs …

This manuscript gives an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the effects of energetic
particle precipitation (EPP) onto the whole atmosphere, from the lower thermosphere …

This review is based on ca. 260 publications, 93 of which included data on the temporal and
spatial variation of the concentration of small ions (< 1.6 nm in diameter) especially in the …

Recent advances in the gas phase vibrational spectroscopy of mass-selected ions are
described, highlighting experiments on hydrogen-bonded (HBed) clusters relevant to …

Variations in solar activity, at least as observed in numbers of sunspots, have been apparent
since ancient times but to what extent solar variability may affect global climate has been far …

High molecular weight (300–650 Da) naturally charged negative ions have previously been
observed at a boreal forest site in Hyytiälä, Finland. The long-term measurements conducted …

Field studies show that gas phase nucleation is an important source of new particles in the
Earth's atmosphere. However, the mechanism of new particle formation is not known. The …

Among the most puzzling questions in climate change is that of solar-climate variability,
which has attracted the attention of scientists for more than two centuries. Until recently …

The Earth's global atmospheric electric circuit depends on the upper and lower atmospheric
boundaries formed by the ionosphere and the planetary surface. Thunderstorms and …

This review is an overview of progress in understanding the theory and observation of the
global atmospheric electric circuit, with the focus on its dc aspects, and its short and long …