R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures that are abundant and widespread across
the genome and that have important physiological roles in many nuclear processes. Their …

Many cellular processes require large-scale rearrangements of chromatin structure.
Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes are molecular machines …

In mammals, interactions between sequences within topologically associating domains
enable control of gene expression across large genomic distances. Yet it is unknown how …

Cohesin folds mammalian interphase chromosomes by extruding the chromatin fiber into
numerous loops.“Loop extrusion” can be impeded by chromatin-bound factors, such as …

SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) protein complexes are an evolutionarily
conserved family of motor proteins that hold sister chromatids together and fold genomes …

Eukaryotes carry three types of structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) protein
complexes, condensin, cohesin, and SMC5/6, which are ATP-dependent motor proteins that …

Enhancers are distal DNA elements believed to loop and contact promoters to control gene
expression. Recently, we found diffraction-sized transcriptional condensates at genes …

CTCF is a critical regulator of genome architecture and gene expression that binds
thousands of sites on chromatin. CTCF genomic localization is controlled by the recognition …

Cohesin and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) are key regulatory proteins of three-dimensional
(3D) genome organization. Cohesin extrudes DNA loops that are anchored by CTCF in a …

In most bacteria, chromosome segregation is driven by the ParAB S system where the
CTPase protein ParB loads at the parS site to trigger the formation of a large partition …