Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common nonhematologic bone malignancy in children and
adolescents. Despite the advances of adjuvant chemotherapy and significant improvement …

Since its discovery in 1978 and cloning in 1984, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α,
TGFA) has been one of the most extensively studied EGF receptor (EGFR) ligands. In this …

Accumulating evidence has shown that PI3K/Akt pathway is frequently hyperactivated in
osteosarcoma (OS) and contributes to tumor initiation and progression. Altered phenotype of …

Highlights•The discovery of PHD as a significant target for treating renal anemia.•The
research and development process of the first approved PHD inhibitor, roxadustat.•Summary …

In this review, we discuss the pathologic mechanism of the angiogenesis process in
osteosarcoma (OS) and the therapeutic use of angiogenesis inhibitors in OS treatment. The …

Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignancies in children and adolescents.
Multimodal chemotherapy and aggressive surgical resection have improved the prognosis …

The key players of the hypoxic response are the hypoxia-inducible factors (Hif), whose α-
subunits are tightly regulated by Prolyl-4-hydroxylases (PHD), predominantly by PHD2 …

Introduction Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), which is regulated by growth factors and
cytokines, is the leading cause of failure in vitreoretinal surgery. In this study, we aimed to …

ABSTRACT A hallmark of proliferative retinopathies, such as retinopathy of prematurity
(ROP), is a pathological neovascularization orchestrated by hypoxia and the resulting …

In proliferative retinopathies, like proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of
prematurity (ROP), the hypoxia response is sustained by the failure of the retina to …