Plastids communicate their developmental and physiological status to the nucleus via
retrograde signaling, allowing nuclear gene expression to be adjusted appropriately …

Plant seeds do not contain differentiated chloroplasts. Upon germination, the seedlings thus
need to gain photoautotrophy before storage energies are depleted. This requires the …

The earliest land plants faced a significant challenge in adapting to environmental stressors.
Stress on land is unique in its dynamics, entailing swift and drastic changes in light and …

The regulation of stomatal lineage cell development has been extensively investigated.
However, a comprehensive characterization of this biological process based on single-cell …

The leaf veins of higher plants contain a highly specialized vascular system comprised of
xylem and phloem cells that transport water, organic compounds and mineral nutrients. The …

Low temperature stress hinders plant growth and chloroplast development and can limit the
geographic range of cultivars. In rice, japonica cultivars have greater chilling tolerance than …

Understanding how cell organelles and compartments communicate with each other has
always been an important field of knowledge widely explored by many researchers …

Epidermal cells are the main avenue for signal and material exchange between plants and
the environment. Leaf epidermal cells primarily include pavement cells, guard cells, and …

The reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced and are essential for
mediating the growth and development of plants. However too much accumulation of ROS …

Abscisic acid (ABA) and the AP2/ERF (APETALA 2/ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE FACTOR)-
type transcription factor ABA INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) control plant growth and development …