The responses of microorganisms (viruses, bacterial cells, bacterial and fungal spores, and
lichens) to selected factors of space (microgravity, galactic cosmic radiation, solar UV …

In the last decades, substantial changes have occurred regarding what scientists consider
the limits of habitable environmental conditions. For every extreme environmental condition …

While grounded in the hard sciences of physics, chemistry, geology, and astronomy, as well
as well-accepted principles in the life sciences, astrobiology remains the most speculative of …

Extremophiles thrive in ice, boiling water, acid, the water core of nuclear reactors, salt
crystals, and toxic waste and in a range of other extreme habitats that were previously …

The lunar geological record has much to tell us about the earliest history of the Solar
System, the origin and evolution of the Earth–Moon system, the geological evolution of rocky …

We investigated the transfer of meteorites from Mars to Earth with a combined mineralogical
and numerical approach. We used quantitative shock pressure barometry and …

The scenario of lithopanspermia describes the viable transport of microorganisms via
meteorites. To test the first step of lithopanspermia, ie, the impact ejection from a planet …

Crater is a geologic structure in solid bodies (including the terrestrial planets, moons, and
asteroids) formed by hyper-speed impact, and the impact process is extremely important to …

One of the biggest challenges of science is the determination of whether extraterrestrial life
exists. Although potential habitable areas might be available for complex life, it is more likely …

Evidence is reviewed which supports the hypothesis that prokaryotes and eukaryotes may
have colonized Mars. One source of Martian life, is Earth. A variety of species remain viable …