Although the first ancient DNA molecules were extracted more than three decades ago, the
first ancient nuclear genomes could only be characterized after high-throughput sequencing …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the landscape of therapeutic
options for many cancers. These treatments have demonstrated improved efficacy and often …

Infectious diseases are among the strongest selective pressures driving human evolution,.
This includes the single greatest mortality event in recorded history, the first outbreak of the …

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years,. Our knowledge of the
genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to …

The origin of the medieval Black Death pandemic (ad 1346–1353) has been a topic of
continuous investigation because of the pandemic's extensive demographic impact and long …

During the last glacial–interglacial cycle, Arctic biotas experienced substantial climatic
changes, yet the nature, extent and rate of their responses are not fully understood …

Modern humans appeared in Europe by at least 45,000 years ago 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, but the extent
of their interactions with Neanderthals, who disappeared by about 40,000 years ago 6, and …

Neoantigens, which are derived from tumour-specific protein-coding mutations, are exempt
from central tolerance, can generate robust immune responses, and can function as bona …

Loss of gut microbial diversity,,,,–in industrial populations is associated with chronic
diseases, underscoring the importance of studying our ancestral gut microbiome. However …

Abstract Homology-directed repair (HDR), a method for repair of DNA double-stranded
breaks can be leveraged for the precise introduction of mutations supplied by synthetic DNA …