Traditionally, multiple sclerosis has been categorised by distinct clinical descriptors—
relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive—for patient care …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent extracellular matrix (ECM)
remodeling endopeptidases that have the capacity to degrade almost every component of …

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) acting as the
first line of defense in the brain by phagocytosing harmful pathogens and cellular debris …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of
the central nervous system, and the leading cause of nontraumatic neurological disability in …

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, demyelinating disease of the CNS. Cognitive impairment is a
sometimes neglected, yet common, sign and symptom with a profound effect on instrumental …

Background Ofatumumab, a subcutaneous anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, selectively
depletes B cells. Teriflunomide, an oral inhibitor of pyrimidine synthesis, reduces T-cell and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the commonest non‐traumatic disabling disease to affect young
adults. The incidence of MS is increasing worldwide, together with the socioeconomic …

Importance Accumulation of disability in multiple sclerosis may occur as relapse-associated
worsening (RAW) or steady progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), with PIRA …

In most cases, multiple sclerosis (MS) begins with a relapsing-remitting course followed by
insidious disability worsening that is independent from clinically apparent relapses and is …

Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central
nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve …