Abstract The Problem of Time occurs because the 'time'of GR and of ordinary Quantum
Theory are mutually incompatible notions. This is problematic in trying to replace these two …

Although complex numbers are essential in mathematics, they are not needed to describe
physical experiments, as those are expressed in terms of probabilities, hence real numbers …

It has been argued that, while the individual terms in the generalized entropy, S gen= A/4
GN+ S ext, are ill-defined in the semiclassical limit, their sum is well-defined if one takes into …

Quantum theory is commonly formulated in complex Hilbert spaces. However, the question
of whether complex numbers need to be given a fundamental role in the theory has been …

Standard quantum theory was formulated with complex-valued Schrödinger equations,
wave functions, operators, and Hilbert spaces. Previous work attempted to simulate quantum …

Wave-particle duality is one of the basic features of quantum mechanics, giving rise to the
use of complex numbers in describing states of quantum systems and their dynamics and …

Quantum theory is traditionally formulated using complex numbers. This imaginarity of
quantum theory has been quantified as a resource with applications in discrimination tasks …

Quantum imaginarity and quantum nonlocality capture the essence of quantumness of a
physical system from different aspects. We establish a connection between the imaginarity …

Recently, the resource theory of imaginarity was proposed, viewing the imaginary part of a
quantum state as a basic resource leading to quantum advantages. As with other quantum …

The use of imaginary numbers in modelling quantum mechanical systems encompasses the
wave-like nature of quantum states. Here we introduce a resource theoretic framework for …