The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes
from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is a key …

Background The gastrointestinal peptide hormone ghrelin was discovered in 1999 as the
endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Increasing evidence …

Glucose levels in blood must be constantly maintained within a tight physiological range to
sustain anabolism. Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis via its effects on glucose …

The growth hormone receptor (GHR), although most well known for regulating growth, has
many other important biological functions including regulating metabolism and controlling …

The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the
pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes have been debated extensively. The concept that a …

In evolutionary terms, GH and intracellular STAT 5 signaling is a very old regulatory system.
Whereas insulin dominates periprandially, GH may be viewed as the primary anabolic …

This review focuses on the systemic complications of acromegaly. Mortality in this disease is
increased mostly because of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, although currently …

Pragnancy has commonly been viewed as a cooperative interaction between a mother and
her fetus. The effects of natural selection on genes expressed in fetuses, however, may be …

Background. The declining activity of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)
axis with advancing age may contribute to the decrease in lean body mass and the increase …

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of several pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in insulin
resistance during infection, cachexia, and obesity. We recently demonstrated that IL-6 …