Specific ion effects (SIE), encompassing the Hofmeister Series, have been known for more
than 130 years since Hofmeister and Lewith's foundational work. SIEs are ubiquitous and …

Cells are crowded, but proteins are almost always studied in dilute aqueous buffer. We
review the experimental evidence that crowding affects the equilibrium thermodynamics of …

Ions differ in their ability to salt out proteins from solution as expressed in the lyotropic or
Hofmeister series of cations and anions. Since its first formulation in 1888, this series has …

The cytoplasm of bacterial cells is a highly crowded cellular compartment that possesses
considerable osmotic potential. As a result, and owing to the semipermeable nature of the …

Environmental stress is a major challenge for sustainable food production as it reduces yield
by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) which pose a threat to cell organelles and …

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a biologically active molecule and is a putative promoter
of chronic diseases including atherosclerosis in humans. Host intestinal bacteria produce its …

Soil salinization affecting different crops is one of the serious threats to global food security.
Soil salinity affects 20% and 33% of the total cultivated and irrigated agricultural lands …

Advances over the past 25 years have revealed much about how the structural properties of
membranes and associated proteins are linked to the thermodynamics and kinetics of …

Saline soils are a major issue for agriculture because salt turns agronomically useful lands
into unproductive areas. The United Nations Environment Program estimates that …

Research efforts related to the Hofmeister series of salt ions have waxed and waned during
its long and storied history. The past few decades have, however, witnessed a renaissance …