Cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development have significantly improved the fight
against cancers. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, particularly in the clinical …

Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the main stromal component of the tumor
microenvironment (TME), play multifaceted roles in cancer progression through paracrine …

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. Metabolic abnormalities
are one of the hallmarks of pancreatic cancer, and pancreatic cancer cells can adapt to …

Distant metastasis remains the primary cause of morbidity in patients with breast cancer.
Hence, the development of more efficacious strategies and the exploration of potential …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a diverse stromal cell population within the tumour
microenvironment, where they play fundamental roles in cancer progression and patient …

Exosomes, small yet vital extracellular vesicles, play an integral role in intercellular
communication. They transport critical components, such as proteins, lipid bilayers, DNA …

Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell crosstalk involving a variety of biomolecules through an
intricate signaling network. In recent years, the pivotal role of exosomes and their non …

As the global incidence of breast cancer continues to surge, the pursuit of novel, low-toxicity,
and highly efficacious therapeutic strategies has emerged as a pivotal research focus …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) exhibit remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity, with
specific subsets implicated in immunosuppression in various malignancies. However …

The main challenge for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy lies in
immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Repolarizing M2‐like tumor …