The goal of comparative developmental biology is identifying mechanistic differences in
embryonic development between different taxa and how these evolutionary changes have …

The evolution of nervous systems in animals has always fascinated biologists, and thus
multiple evolutionary scenarios have been proposed to explain the appearance of neurons …

Indirect development with an intermediate larva exists in all major animal lineages, which
makes larvae central to most scenarios of animal evolution,,,,,,,,–. Yet how larvae evolved …

Temporal collinearity is often considered the main force preserving Hox gene clusters in
animal genomes. Studies that combine genomic and gene expression data are scarce …

Many animals are indirect developers with distinct larval and adult body plans [1]. The
molecular basis of differences between larval and adult forms is often poorly understood …

In contrast to the Hox genes in arthropods and vertebrates, those in molluscs show diverse
expression patterns with differences reported among lineages. Here, we investigate 2 …

Abstract Information on how 3D genome topology emerged in animal evolution, how stable it
is during development, its role in the evolution of phenotypic novelties and how exactly it …

It is widely held that the bilaterian tubular gut with mouth and anus evolved from a simple gut
with one major gastric opening. However, there is no consensus on how this happened. Did …

Background Bryozoans are mostly sessile aquatic colonial invertebrates belonging to the
clade Lophotrochozoa, which unites many protostome bilaterian phyla such as molluscs …

Many animals undergo indirect development, where their embryogenesis produces an
intermediate life stage, or larva, that is often free‐living and later metamorphoses into an …