Bioelectricity provides electrostimulation to regulate cell/tissue behaviors and functions. In
the human body, bioelectricity can be generated in electromechanically responsive tissues …

Electric field (EF) stimulation can play a vital role in eliciting appropriate stem cell response.
Such an approach is recently being established to guide stem cell differentiation through …

The combination of scientific advances in additive manufacturing (AM) and smart materials
(SMs) has enabled the development of a new interdisciplinary research area: 4D printing …

Three‐dimensionally printed constructs are static and do not recapitulate the dynamic nature
of tissues. Four‐dimensional (4D) bioprinting has emerged to include conformational …

Combining biological components, such as cells and tissues, with soft robotics can enable
the fabrication of biological machines with the ability to sense, process signals, and produce …

Advances in biomaterial synthesis and fabrication, stem cell biology, bioimaging,
microsurgery procedures, and microscale technologies have made minimally invasive …

Tissue engineering generally involves the proliferation and differentiation of cells within a
scaffold that mimics the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Hydrogels are often used as …

Biological scaffolds with tunable electrical and mechanical properties are of great interest in
many different fields, such as regenerative medicine, biorobotics and biosensing. In this …

Polymer biomaterials are used to construct scaffolds in tissue engineering applications to
assist in mechanical support, organization, and maturation of tissues. Given the flexibility …

Living beings have an unsurpassed range of ways to manipulate objects and interact with
them. They can make autonomous decisions and can heal themselves. So far, a …