Although recent genome-wide studies have provided valuable insights into the genetic basis
of human disease, they have explained relatively little of the heritability of most complex …

Over the last few years, main effect genetic association analysis has proven to be a
successful tool to unravel genetic risk components to a variety of complex diseases. In the …

Epistatic interactions between mutations play a prominent role in evolutionary theories.
Many studies have found that epistasis is widespread, but they have rarely considered …

Environmental composition is a major, though poorly understood, determinant of
microbiome dynamics. Here we ask whether general principles govern how microbial …

Epistasis-the interaction between alleles at different genetic loci-plays a fundamental role in
biology. However, several recent approaches quantify epistasis using a chimeric formula …

Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are among the most important risk factors for coronary …

Species barriers, expressed as hybrid inviability and sterility, are often due to epistatic
interactions between divergent loci from two lineages. Theoretical models indicate that the …

Antibiotics affect bacterial cell physiology at many levels. Rather than just compensating for
the direct cellular defects caused by the drug, bacteria respond to antibiotics by changing …

Mutations to gene regulatory networks can be maladaptive or a source of evolutionary
novelty. Epistasis confounds our understanding of how mutations affect the expression …

The map** from genotype to phenotype to fitness typically involves multiple nonlinearities
that can transform the effects of mutations. For example, mutations may contribute additively …