Glutamine is the most abundant and versatile amino acid in the body. In health and disease,
the rate of glutamine consumption by immune cells is similar or greater than glucose. For …

Glutamine, the most abundant free amino acid in the human body, is a major substrate
utilized by intestinal cells. The roles of glutamine in intestinal physiology and management …

Neutrophils are the most abundant, short lived, and terminally differentiated leukocytes with
distinct tiers of arsenals to counter pathogens. Neutrophils were traditionally considered …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused
by a new strain of the coronavirus. There is limited data on the pathogenesis and the cellular …

Provision of enteral nutrition (EN) to critically ill patients early upon admission to the
intensive care unit exerts a beneficial physiologic effect that downregulates systemic …

Ammonia (NH 3) is a known harmful gas that causes injury to the respiratory system.
Ammonia also exists in haze, forming secondary organic aerosols. However, the specific …

Ammonia (NH 3) is a severe air pollutant and a component of haze (PM2. 5). The respiratory
tract is the first route of exogenous ammonia's entry into the human and animal body. Many …

Background Delayed sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and
multiorgan failure remain major causes of morbidity and mortality on intensive care units …

Metabolomics, a science of systems biology, is the global assessment of endogenous
metabolites within a biologic system and represents a “snapshot” reading of gene function …

Background Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response
to infection. Several studies have indicated that flavonoids exhibit a wide variety of biological …