The avian digestive tract is an important system for converting ingested food into the
nutrients their bodies need for maintenance, growth, and reproduction (meat, table eggs …

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are important waterborne protozoan parasites that are
resistant to disinfectants commonly used for drinking water. Wild birds, especially wild …

Escherichia coli is an important zoonotic bacterium that significantly impacts one health
concept. E. coli is normally detected in the gut of warm-blooded animals, but some serotypes …

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a pathogen that induces chronic respiratory illnesses in
chickens, leading to tracheal and lung injury, and eliciting immune reactions that support …

Newcastle disease (ND) is an endemic viral disease affecting poultry and causing massive
economic losses. This cross‐sectional purposive study detected coinfections that are …

Accurate and timely molecular diagnosis of respiratory diseases in chickens is essential for
implementing effective control measures, preventing the spread of diseases within poultry …

Avian chlamydiosis is a serious avian infection that carries a significant zoonotic danger to
the poultry industry. The respiratory co-infections caused by the low pathogenic avian …

Avian influenza (AI) viruses pose a risk to the worldwide poultry industry. Ultimately,
improving the efficiency of the H9N2 vaccine is necessary to better control low-pathogenic …

The poultry industry, a cornerstone of global food security, faces dynamic challenges
exacerbated by viral diseases. This review traces the trajectory of poultry vaccination …

Intestinal dilatation syndrome (IDS) is a segmental enteropathy characterized by dilatation of
the junction of the ileum and jejunum (Meckel's diverticulum). IDS severely affects the poultry …