Standard practice in the dairy industry is to separate the calf and dam immediately after birth
and raise calves in individual pens during the milk-feeding period. In nature and in extensive …

The use of pigs in neuroscience research has increased in the past decade, which has seen
broader recognition of the potential of pigs as an animal for experimental modeling of …

Discovering the processes through which early adverse experiences affect children's
nervous-system development, health, and behavior is critically important for develo** …

Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is currently viewed
as the most precise technique to quantify levels of messenger RNA. Relative quantification …

Rodents and primates deprived of early social contact exhibit deficits in learning and
behavioural flexibility. They often also exhibit apparent signs of elevated anxiety, although …

Species that depend on membership in social groups for survival exhibit changes in
neuronal gene expression and behaviour when they face restricted social interactions or …

Discussion on the cause of equine stereotypy dates back nearly 400 years and has
remained as speculation until recently. Research now provides empirical support to many …

Stressful early life events can have short-and long-term effects on neuroendocrine and
behavioural mechanisms of adaptation. Here, we investigated the effects of a single social …

Mice lacking Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) exhibit degeneration of hippocampal neurons
caused by stress at weaning while over-expression of CPE in hippocampal neurons protect …

Identifying the molecular mechanisms of animal behaviour is an enduring goal for
researchers. Gaining insight into these mechanisms enables us to gain a greater …