Innate and adaptive immunity represent a harmonic counterbalanced system involved in the
induction, progression, and possibly resolution of the inflammatory reaction that characterize …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multisystem
involvement. It is multifactorial and involves epigenetic, genetic, ecological, and …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting joints and
causing progressive damage and disability. Macrophages are of critical importance in the …

The negatively charged aminophospholipid, phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), is located in the
inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in normal cells, and may be exposed to the outer …

Background Neuroinflammation constitutes a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease
(AD). Still, it remains unresolved if peripheral inflammatory markers can be utilized for …

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which affects nearly 1% of the world's population, is a
debilitating autoimmune disease. Bone erosion caused by periarticular osteopenia and …

The vitamin K-dependent factors protein S (PROS1) and growth-arrest-specific gene 6
(GAS6) and their tyrosine kinase receptors TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK, the TAM subfamily of …

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slowly develo** and debilitating disease, and there
are no validated specific biomarkers for its early detection. To improve therapeutic …

Background Monocytes as precursors of osteoclasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are well
demonstrated, while monocyte subsets in osteoclast formation are still controversial. Tyro3 …

Efferocytosis is a crucial process whereby phagocytes engulf and eliminate apoptotic cells
(ACs). This intricate process can be categorized into four steps:(1) ACs release “find me” …