Many biologists are calling for an'extended evolutionary synthesis' that would'modernize the
modern synthesis' of evolution. Biological information is typically considered as being …

Recently, the adaptive significance of maternal effects has been increasingly recognized. No
longer are maternal effects relegated as simpletroublesome sources of environmental …

A central aim of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) is to estimate direct genetic
effects: the causal effects on an individual's phenotype of the alleles that they carry …

We propose a conceptual model that maps the causal pathways relating biological evolution
to cultural change. It builds on conventional evolutionary theory by placing emphasis on the …

Ornaments, weapons and aggressive behaviours may evolve in female animals by mate
choice and intrasexual competition for mating opportunities—the standard forms of sexual …

Estimating the genetic basis of quantitative traits can be tricky for wild populations in natural
environments, as environmental variation frequently obscures the underlying evolutionary …

Phenotypic development is the result of a complex interplay involving the organism's own
genetic make-up and the environment it experiences during development. The latter …

Modern evolutionary biology is founded on the Mendelian-genetic model of inheritance, but
it is now clear that this model is incomplete. Empirical evidence shows that environment …

Although mothers influence the traits of their offspring in many ways beyond the
transmission of genes, it remains unclear how important such 'maternal effects' are to …

The prediction of producing desirable traits in offspring such as increased growth rate, or
superior meat, milk and wool production is a vital economic tool to the animal scientist …