Proton therapy treatments are based on a proton RBE (relative biological effectiveness)
relative to high-energy photons of 1.1. The use of this generic, spatially invariant RBE within …

Protons are an interesting modality for radiotherapy because of their well defined range and
favourable depth dose characteristics. On the other hand, these same characteristics lead to …

The biological effectiveness of proton beams relative to photon beams in radiation therapy
has been taken to be 1.1 throughout the history of proton therapy. While potentially …

Proton therapy treatments are currently planned and delivered using the assumption that the
proton relative biological effectiveness (RBE) relative to photons is 1.1. This assumption …

In addition to the physical advantages (Bragg peak), the use of charged particles in cancer
therapy can be associated with distinct biological effects compared to X-rays. While heavy …

Abstract Linear Energy Transfer (LET) is widely used to express the radiation quality of ion
beams, when characterizing the biological effectiveness. However, averaged LET may be …

Carbon ion therapy is a promising evolving modality in radiotherapy to treat tumors that are
radioresistant against photon treatments. As carbon ions are more effective in normal and …

Background. The biological effects of particles are often expressed in relation to that of
photons through the concept of relative biological effectiveness, RBE. In proton …

Purpose The biological optimization of proton therapy can be achieved only through a
detailed evaluation of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) variations along the full range …

The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons varies with multiple physical and
biological factors. Phenomenological RBE models have been developed to include such …