From bacteria to humans, cells secrete a large variety of membrane-bound extracellular
vesicles. Only relatively recently has it however started to become clear that the exovesicular …

As long-lived parasites, helminths depend upon immunomodulation of their hosts for
survival. The release of excretory-secretory (ES) products, including proteins, lipids and …

Recent studies have demonstrated that many parasites release extracellular vesicles (EVs),
yet little is known about the specific interactions of EVs with immune cells or their functions …

Fasciolosis, a food‐borne trematodiasis, results following infection with the parasites,
Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. These trematodes greatly affect the global …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-surrounded structures released by different
kinds of cells (normal, diseased, and transformed cells) in vivo and in vitro that contain large …

Parasites are responsible for the most neglected tropical diseases, affecting over a billion
people worldwide (WHO, 2015) and accounting for billions of cases a year and responsible …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles (30 to 1000 nm in diameter) surrounded by a
lipid-bilayer which carry bioactive molecules between local and distal cells and participate in …

Helminth parasites are masters at manipulating host immune responses, using an array of
sophisticated mechanisms. One of the major mechanisms enabling helminths to establish …

The prevalent porcine helminth, Ascaris suum, compromises pig health and reduces farm
productivity worldwide. The closely related human parasite, A. lumbricoides, infects more …

Helminth parasites have a remarkable ability to persist within their mammalian hosts, which
is largely due to their secretion of molecules with immunomodulatory properties. Although …