White dwarfs are a class of stars with unique physical properties. They present many
challenging problems whose solution requires advanced theories of dense matter, state-of …

Linear accelerator-based free-electron lasers (FELs) are the leading source of fully coherent
X-rays with ultra-high peak powers and ultra-short pulse lengths. Current X-ray FEL facilities …

X-ray free-electron lasers can generate intense and coherent radiation at wavelengths down
to the sub-ångström region,,,–, and have become indispensable tools for applications in …

The European XFEL is a hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) based on a high-electron-
energy superconducting linear accelerator. The superconducting technology allows for the …

The quantum-mechanical motion of electrons in molecules and solids occurs on the sub-
femtosecond timescale. Consequently, the study of ultrafast electronic phenomena requires …

Photosystem II (PSII) catalyses the oxidation of water through a four-step cycle of S i states
(i= 0–4) at the Mn4CaO5 cluster,–, during which an extra oxygen (O6) is incorporated at the …

The DIALS project is a collaboration between Diamond Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory and CCP4 to develop a new software suite for the analysis of …

We present the first lasing results of SwissFEL, a hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) that
recently came into operation at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. SwissFEL is a very …

Terahertz (THz) light has proven to be a fine tool to probe and control quasi-particles and
collective excitations in solids, to drive phase transitions and associated changes in material …

The SwissFEL X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facility started construction at the Paul
Scherrer Institute (Villigen, Switzerland) in 2013 and will be ready to accept its first users in …