Our ancestors acquired morphological, cognitive and metabolic modifications that enabled
humans to colonize diverse habitats, develop extraordinary technologies and reshape the …

The discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA) over 20 years ago has ushered in a new era in
molecular biology. There are now over 2000 miRNAs that have been discovered in humans …

The nervous system—in particular, the brain and its cognitive abilities—is among humans'
most distinctive and impressive attributes. How the nervous system has changed in the …

The human CNS follows a pattern of development typical of all mammals, but certain
neurodevelopmental features are highly derived. Building the human CNS requires the …

We present a DNA library preparation method that has allowed us to reconstruct a high-
coverage (30×) genome sequence of a Denisovan, an extinct relative of Neandertals. The …

The brain constantly adapts to changes in the environment, a capability that underlies
memory and behavior. Long-term adaptations require the remodeling of neural circuits that …

Biological embedding occurs when life experience alters biological processes to affect later
life health and well-being. Although extensive correlative data exist supporting the notion …

To assess the value of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD), the
expression of microRNAs was measured in a plasma fraction enriched in exosomes by …

To understand the emergence of human higher cognition, we must understand its biological
substrate—the cerebral cortex, which considers itself the crowning achievement of evolution …

The proper formation and function of neuronal networks is required for cognition and
behavior. Indeed, pathophysiological states that disrupt neuronal networks can lead to …