Pathogenesis in plant diseases is complex comprising diverse pathogen virulence and plant
immune mechanisms. These pathogens cause damaging plant diseases by deploying …

The ability to secrete effector proteins that can enter plant cells and manipulate host
processes is a key determinant of what makes a successful plant pathogen. Here, we review …

Fungal pathogens can secrete hundreds of effectors, some of which are known to promote
host susceptibility. This biological complexity, together with the lack of genetic tools in some …

Phytopathogenic fungi secrete a large arsenal of effector molecules, including
proteinaceous effectors, small RNAs, phytohormones and derivatives thereof. The …

Effectors are small, secreted molecules that mediate the establishment of interactions in
nature. While some concepts of effector biology have stood the test of time, this area of study …

The complicated interplay of plant–pathogen interactions occurs on multiple levels as
pathogens evolve to constantly evade the immune responses of their hosts. Many …

In plants, race‐specific defence against microbial pathogens is facilitated by resistance (R)
genes which correspond to specific pathogen avirulence genes. This study reports the …

Canola is an important oilseed crop, providing food, feed, and fuel around the world.
However, blackleg disease, caused by the ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans, causes …

Abstract Background Leptosphaeria maculans “brassicae”(Lmb) and Leptosphaeria
biglobosa “brassicae”(Lbb) make up a species complex involved in the stem canker …

BACKGROUND Development of anti‐plant‐virus compounds and improvement of biosafety
remain hot research topics in controlling plant viral disease. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) …