Metal contamination in freshwater ecosystems is a global issue and metal discharges to
aquatic environments are monitored in order to protect aquatic life and human health …

Although metal mixture toxicity has been studied relatively intensely, there is no general
consensus yet on how to incorporate metal mixture toxicity into aquatic risk assessment. We …

In order to satisfy the needs of constant economic growth, the pressure to exploit natural
resources has increased. Since accessible mineral resources are becoming scarce, the …

The joint toxicity of chemical mixtures has emerged as a popular topic, particularly on the
additive and potential synergistic actions of environmental mixtures. We investigated the 24 …

Metal contamination generally occurs as mixtures. However, it is yet unresolved how to
address metal mixtures in risk assessment. Therefore, using consistent methodologies, we …

Metal contaminants are rarely present in the environment individually, yet environmental
quality guidelines are derived from single-metal toxicity data. Few metal mixture studies …

Environmental risk assessment of metal mixtures is challenging due to the large number of
possible mixtures and interactions. Mixture toxicity data cannot realistically be generated for …

Many priority pollutants are concentrated in the environment due to human activity. Most are
highly toxic to various organisms, including endocrine disruptors EDCs, aromatic polycyclic …

A large number of metals is present in aquatic ecosystems, often occurring simultaneously,
however, the isolated toxicity of them are better well known than their mixtures. Based on …

The authors investigated the effect of binary mixtures of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium
(Cd), and nickel (Ni) on the growth of a freshwater diatom, Navicula pelliculosa. A 7× 7 full …