Using optimality perspectives is now regarded as an essential way of analysing and
understanding adaptations and behavioural strategies in bird migration. Optimization …

Migration is a task that implies a route, a goal and a period of time. To achieve this task, it
requires orientation abilities to find the goal and energy to cover the distance. Completing …

It has been suggested that birds migrate faster in spring than in autumn because of
competition for arrival order at breeding grounds and environmental factors such as …

Optimal Bird Migration: The Relative Importance of Time, Energy, and Safety Page 1 Optimal
Bird Migration: The Relative Importance of Time, Energy, and Safety T. ALERSTAM and A …

The full magnitude and complexity of bird migration have not been possible to grasp until
after the revolutionary discoveries made with the aid of, eg, ringing, systematic field …

This classic Poyser title, now in its third revised edition, discusses in depth the various ways
in which weather conditions influence bird behaviour. Weather conditions affect food and …

For organisms that fly or swim, movement results from the combined effects of the moving
medium—air or water—and the organism's own locomotion. For larger organisms …

Effects of daily changes in weather on numbers of birds taking off on migration have been
investigated for many decades. This field was especially active in the 1960s and 1970s …

Migrating birds make the longest non‐stop endurance flights in the animal kingdom. Satellite
technology is now providing direct evidence on the lengths and durations of these flights …

Worldwide, Germany is the leading country in the use of wind energy. Since sites for the
erection of wind turbines became scarce on land, ambitious plans for the offshore regions …