Almost fifty years after its first introduction into clinical care, clozapine remains the only
evidence-based pharmacological option for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), which …

Genetic factors contribute to the phenotype of drug response. We systematically analyzed all
available pharmacogenetic data from Medline databases (1970–2003) on the impact that …

Background and rationale Reinstatement of the function of working memory, the cardinal
cognitive process essential for human reasoning and judgment, is potentially the most …

Background Long‐term drug treatment of schizophrenia with typical antipsychotic drugs has
limitations: 25 to 33% of sufferers have illnesses that are treatment resistant. Clozapine is an …

Up to 30% of people with schizophrenia do not respond to two (or more) trials of
dopaminergic antipsychotics. They are said to have treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) …

Around 30% of patients with schizophrenia show an inadequate response to antipsychotics—
ie, treatment resistance. Neuroimaging studies can help to uncover the underlying …

This article opens with a brief history of pharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia. It then
discusses the definition and treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia, with particular …

Background Haloperidol was developed in the late 1950s for use in the field of anaesthesia.
Research subsequently demonstrated effects on hallucinations, delusions, aggressiveness …

The mechanism (s) by which serotonin modulates dopamine release in the medial prefrontal
cortex is not known, although studies suggest an involvement of 5-HT2 family receptors. We …

OBJECTIVE: Clozapine, the prototype of atypical antipsychotics, remains unique in its
efficacy in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. Its affinity for dopamine D4 receptors …