BACKGROUND The essential amino acid tryptophan is a substrate for the generation of
several bioactive compounds with important physiological roles. Only a small fraction of …

Ethylene is a gaseous hormone which plays important roles in both plant growth and
development and stress responses. Based on studies in the dicot model plant species …

To improve water and nutrient acquisition from the soil, plants can modulate their root
system architecture. Despite the importance of changes in root architecture to exploit local …

To adapt to changing environments, plants have evolved elaborate regulatory mechanisms
balancing their growth with stress responses. It is currently unclear whether and how the …

It has been a dominant dogma in plant biology that the self-organizing polar auxin transport
system is necessary and sufficient to generate auxin maxima and minima that are essential …

Auxin plays important roles during the entire life span of a plant. This small organic acid
influences cell division, cell elongation and cell differentiation, and has great impact on the …

The phytohormone ethylene regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development
and responses to environmental stress. However, the exact role of ethylene in freezing …

The establishment of beneficial interactions with microbes has helped plants to modulate
root branching plasticity in response to environmental cues. However, how the plant …

Kynurenine (KYN), a main metabolite of tryptophan in mammals, is a direct precursor of
kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK). Under physiological …

The plant hormone auxin, which is predominantly represented by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),
is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. Although IAA was the first …