Synapses are essential for the transmission of neural signals. Synaptic plasticity allows for
changes in synaptic strength, enabling the brain to learn from experience. With the rapid …

In the brain, most synapses are formed on minute protrusions known as dendritic spines.
Unlike their artificial intelligence counterparts, spines are not merely tuneable memory …

Optoelectronic synapses combining optical‐sensing and synaptic functions are playing an
increasingly vital role in the neuromorphic computing systems development, which can …

Proteins critical for synaptic transmission are non-uniformly distributed and assembled into
regions of high density called subsynaptic densities (SSDs) that transsynaptically align in …

Genetics studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have identified several risk genes that
are key regulators of synaptic plasticity. Indeed, many of the risk genes that have been …

Postsynaptic densities (PSDs) are membrane semi-enclosed, submicron protein-enriched
cellular compartments beneath postsynaptic membranes, which constantly exchange their …

Increasing data indicate that inflammation and alterations in glutamate neurotransmission
are two novel pathways to pathophysiology in mood disorders. The primary goal of this …

AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ion channels that together with other ionotropic
glutamate receptors (iGluRs), the NMDA and kainate receptors, mediate a majority of …

The development of optoelectronic synapses can provide an important breakthrough toward
creating a sophisticated and adaptable artificial visual system analogous to that of humans …

Super-resolution fluorescence imaging by photoactivation or photoswitching of single
fluorophores and position determination (single-molecule localization microscopy, SMLM) …