The relationship between depression and dopamine deficiency in the mesolimbic pathway
has been hypothesized for many years. The experimental studies with animal models of …

Molecular imaging studies have generated important in vivo insights into the etiology of
schizophrenia and treatment response. This article first reviews the PET and SPECT …

Laboratory models, both animal and human, have made enormous contributions to our
understanding of addiction. For addictive disorders, animal models have the great …

Depression is a common and disabling psychiatric disorder with a complex etiology, which
includes predisposing risk genes and environmental stressors. Variation in the Catechol-O …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder and leading cause of
disability worldwide. It is associated with increased mortality, especially from suicide …

OBJECTIVES: Antipsychotic medications improve psychosis but often induce a state of
dysphoria in patients. Blockade of the dopamine D 2 receptors, which is thought to mediate …

Objective. To identify clusters of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
according to symptom profile and to examine the association of the A1 allele of the D2 …

In most contemporary theories of emotion, the processes of desire, happiness, and pleasure
are separable yet affect each other. Desire reflects the focused interest in a goal object and …

Since the introduction of neuroleptics in 1952, many studies have examined objective
aspects of efficacy and tolerability. Despite the fact that neuroleptic treatment should also …

Background: Variations in genes related to the dopaminergic pathway have been implicated
in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, substance misuse, Alzheimer's …