Introduction: Established risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) include
ethnicity, obesity, and family history of diabetes. Untreated GDM patients have higher rates …

For years, it has been recognized that the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in
women lags behind that of men by≈ 10 years, 7 thus generating hypotheses that …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in women. Although
traditional risk factors increase later‐life CVD, pregnancy‐associated complications …

Background History of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases lifetime risk of type 2
diabetes (DM) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which increase risk of cardiovascular …

Gestational diabetes mellitus reflects impaired maternal insulin secretion relative to demand
prior to pregnancy, as well as temporary metabolic stressors imposed by the placenta and …

Objective To investigate whether a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a risk
factor for subsequent long-term cardiovascular morbidity. Design A population-based study …

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first
recognition during pregnancy. Data from Western countries suggest that the prevalence of …

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication that is becoming more
prevalent with recent population trends in obesity and advancing maternal age. A diagnosis …

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance that begins during
pregnancy [1]. GDM occurs when the body is no longer able to adapt to its new …

The endothelium, which constitutes the inner layer of blood vessels and lymphatic
structures, plays an important role in various physiological functions. Alterations in structure …