Manipulation and navigation of micro and nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can
be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have …

Soft robotics technologies are paving the way toward robotic abilities which are vital for a
wide range of applications, including manufacturing, manipulation, grip**, human …

Swimming microrobots guided in the circulation system offer considerable promise in
precision medicine but currently suffer from problems such as limited adhesion to blood …

Abstract Micro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability
for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, their …

Untethered microrobots have attracted extensive attention due to their potential for
biomedical applications and micromanipulation at the small scale. Soft microrobots are of …

Fifty years of Moore's law scaling in microelectronics have brought remarkable opportunities
for the rapidly evolving field of microscopic robotics,,,–. Electronic, magnetic and optical …

Untethered small-scale machines (USSMs) that can actively adjust their motion,
deformation, and collective states in response to external stimuli have gained enormous …

Flexible magnetic small-scale robots use patterned magnetization to achieve fast
transformation into complex three-dimensional (3D) shapes and thereby achieve locomotion …

In recent years, magnetism has gained an enormous amount of interest among researchers
for actuating different sizes and types of bio/soft robots, which can be via an electromagnetic …

Recently, tremendous progress in synthetic micro/nanomotors in diverse environment has
been made for potential biomedical applications. However, existing micro/nanomotor …