Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and has been singled out as
an emerging epidemic. 1, 2 With a 5-year survival rate of 50%, heart failure poses a …

The network for cardiac fuel metabolism contains intricate sets of interacting pathways that
result in both ATP-producing and non–ATP-producing end points for each class of energy …

There is a constant high demand for energy to sustain the continuous contractile activity of
the heart, which is met primarily by the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The control of …

Cardiac ischemia and its consequences including heart failure, which itself has emerged as
the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries are accompanied by …

The most notable change in the metabolic profile of hypertrophied hearts is an increased
reliance on glucose with an overall reduced oxidative metabolism, ie a reappearance of the …

The chronically failing heart has been shown to be metabolically abnormal, in both animal
models and in patients. Little data are available on the rate of myocardial glucose, lactate …

Aims Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), ST2, high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), and
N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) are biomarkers of distinct mechanisms …

Cardiolipin (CL) is recognized to be an essential phospholipid in eukaryotic energy
metabolism so that physiological and pathological perturbations in its synthetic and …

Antianginal drugs that exert their anti-ischaemic effects primarily by altering myocardial
metabolism have recently attracted attention. They have the potential to relieve symptoms in …

In the failing human myocardium, both impaired calcium homoeostasis and alterations in the
levels of contractile proteins have been observed, which may be responsible for reduced …