Computational thinking (CT) draws on concepts and practices that are fundamental to
computing and computer science. It includes epistemic and representational practices, such …

Multiple (external) representations can provide unique benefits when people are learning
complex new ideas. Unfortunately, many studies have shown this promise is not always …

2000; Design-Based Research Collaborative, 2003; Edelson, 2002; Gravemeijer, 1994a;
Labato, 2003; Simon, 2000). Despite this recognition of the potential con tributions of theory …

The premise of this article is that the study of representation is valuable and important for
mathematics and science students. Learning about representation should go beyond …

When people are learning complicated scientific concepts, interacting with multiple forms of
representation such as diagrams, graphs and equations can bring unique benefits …

We review the literature, from 2006 to 2020, focused on the teaching and learning of
chemical bonding. The studies included in our review (48 studies set in 19 different …

An analysis is presented of data on students' problem-solving performance on similar
problems posed in diverse representations. Five years of classroom data on 400 students …

[This paper is part of the Focused Collection on Curriculum Development: Theory into
Design.] Although curriculum design has a long tradition in physics education research …

In the late 1980s, a video was released which took on something of a cult status in the
science education community. This video, A Private Universe (Sadler, Schneps, & Woll …

Assessment is an integral part of teaching. If teaching is understood to be more than merely
presenting information, then teaching is interactive and adaptive and necessarily involves …