With an ever-increasing demand in energy, constrained by strict environmental regulations,
process development faces stringent design requirements further limited by intrinsic …

Water scarcity is one of the major issues that has put economic growth, societal stability, and
ecosystem balance unstable. Wastewater reuse has been recognised as a viable method for …

Forward osmosis (FO) driven by osmotic pressure difference has great potential in water
treatment. However, it remains a challenge to maintain a steady water flux at continuous …

The conventional polyamide membranes composed of a polyamide active layer on an
ultrafiltration (UF) substrate hold a dominant position in forward osmosis (FO). However, the …

Membrane processes are extensively used in the food industry, especially in the dairy, wine
and beer, fruit juice, and sugar industries. In the dairy industry, removal of bacteria and …

The forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) hybrid process has shown great
promise in achieving zero liquid discharge in the textile industry, recovering valuable dye …

Forward osmosis (FO) has been widely studied as a promising technology in wastewater
treatment, but undesirable reverse solute diffusion (RSD) is inevitable in the FO process …

In the past few years, osmotic membrane systems, such as forward osmosis (FO), have
gained popularity as “soft” concentration processes. FO has unique properties by combining …

Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising technology of the water-energy nexus suitable for
generating high-quality water. Like other membrane processes, MD is susceptible to all …

Membrane distillation (MD), a growing membrane technology, has received considerable
attention over the past few decades worldwide. It offers the capacity to treat high-salinity …