Two fundamental principles can account for how regulated networks of interacting proteins
originated in cells. These are the law of mass action, which holds that the binding of one …

Abstract The interface of protein structural biology, protein biophysics, molecular evolution,
and molecular population genetics forms the foundations for a mechanistic understanding of …

Protein–protein interactions are essential for life but rarely thermodynamically quantified in
living cells. In vitro efforts show that protein complex stability is modulated by high …

RNA performs important cellular functions in contemporary life forms. Its ability to act both as
a catalyst and a storage mechanism for genetic information is also an important part of the …

Biological mixtures such as the cytosol may consist of thousands of distinct components.
There is now a substantial body of evidence showing that, under physiological conditions …

A striking feature of nucleic acids and lipid membranes is that they all carry net negative
charge and so is true for the majority of intracellular proteins. It is suggested that the role of …

The tempo and mode of protein evolution have been central questions in biology. Genomic
data have shown a strong influence of the expression level of a protein on its rate of …

Chemiosmotic energy coupling through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is crucial to
life, requiring coordinated enzymes whose membrane organization and dynamics are poorly …

Historically, rate constants were determined in vitro and it was unknown whether they were
valid for in vivo biological processes. Here, we bridge this gap by measuring binding …

Intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein (αS) is implicated in Parkinson's disease due to
its aberrant aggregation propensity. In a bid to identify the traits of its aggregation, here we …